The Far Side of Complex

We can understand how we understand.

We always start blissfully unaware. We don’t know what we don’t know. Then we realise that there is a lot we don’t know, which is humiliating and motivating or demotivating depending on our personality. Then, over time, we start to learn and improve and become fluent. We know what we know. Finally, it becomes instinctive. We understand and can do it without thinking about it.

These are the four stages of competence. It’s comforting to keep this in mind, especially when we’re stuck feeling humiliated and wondering if we’ll ever be fluent.

Beyond complexity

We often talk about simplifying things. Paradoxically, when we look at people who have been successful and study their methods we find they have done the opposite: they have gotten beyond complexity.

Some people like to glorify the complicated. They talk about how long it takes for others to understand what they work on. But this just exposes that they haven’t gotten over the hump that lets them see and describe the “simplicity on the far side”.¹

It’s not binary: simple vs. complicated.

It’s another model of progression: simplistic → complicated → simplified.

The goal in the first transition (from simplistic → complicated) is to understand the details, so we have a more complete understanding of the specific thing we’re working on. As we get into those weeds we’re going to learn the nuances, edge cases, exceptions, and trade-offs. It’s going to get complicated. But we need to keep pressing.

The key to the second transition (from complicated → simplified) is to think harder about the essence, to strip away the noise and to focus on the bits we learn, normally by painful experience, actually make a difference to performance and results.² And then, to be able to explain that in a way that others can understand too - because it’s a very rare thing that a single brilliant individual can do by themselves.³ This is where teaching becomes the ultimate test.

Who teaches the teachers?

Trying to teach somebody else forces clarity. You can’t explain something well while you’re still stuck in the complicated phase. You’ll either oversimplify or overwhelm.

This is why so many “teachers” fail their students. They haven’t made the journey themselves. They’re stuck in complexity, or worse, they never left simplistic. In the business world, we dress this up with impressive titles, like mentor, adviser, consultant, and coach. But, the underlying problem remains the same.⁴

The best teachers have reached the far side. They’ve learned which details matter and which don’t. They can answer the “dumb questions” that expose faulty thinking. They know that teaching something is one of the best ways to deepen your own understanding of it.

The worst teachers do the opposite. They make complexity seem simple (offering shortcuts that don’t exist), or they make you feel stupid for not grasping their complexity (which they mistake for sophistication).

Experts in any field usually don’t consider themselves experts. They more often behave like students - constantly seeking improvement, asking questions, trying to understand more. Anybody calling themselves an expert is a warning sign, and often comes with a price tag attached!

To get beyond complexity, avoid people who pretend that it’s easy. Look for teachers who know why it’s hard and can explain the essential elements, and who realise that it’s better for them (and for everybody) if they can help you get to that same point too.

As simple as possible?

There is a famous quote, often attributed to Einstein, about simplicity:

Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.

This is a very old idea. Possibly timeless.

Interestingly, those are not the exact words that Einstein used. This is what he actually said: ⁵

It can scarcely be denied that the supreme goal of all theory is to make the irreducible basic elements as simple and as few as possible without having to surrender the adequate representation of a single datum of experience.

Of course he did. He was a theoretical physicist! This is exactly how we should expect him to speak. It’s the same basic idea, just using more complicated words. It was only later that somebody else found a simpler way to make the same point, on his behalf.⁶

Even Einstein needed someone else to get his idea to the far side of complex.

Related: The Cynefin Framework

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